Measurement And Spatial Analysis Of Sediment Production Rate In The Swat River Basin Sub-Watersheds

Abstract

The present study effort is on the measurement and spatial analysis of sediment production rates in Swat River sub basins watershed using morphometric parameters and GIS based spatial analytical tools. The study assesses the effect of basin form factor, circulatory ratio and compactness coefficient on sediment generation and erosion hazard of nineteen sub-basins of Swat River basin. The spatial variance of sediment yield among sub watersheds was examined using an empirical sediment yield equation. The results indicate a large variation in rates of sediment generation due to changes in basin shape, drainage features, topography and geomorphological variables. SB-3 and SB-17 were found to be particularly sensitive locations with very high sediment production rates, whereas SB-1 and SB-4 had very little sediment production. Results indicated that the steep and long drainage pattern and poor compactness are more prone to enhanced soil erosion and sediment transport mechanisms within the watersheds. GIS and remote sensing techniques are employed to enhance the spatial understanding of erosion prone areas and to prioritize watersheds for conservation planning. The data also show the importance of climate variability and human activities such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, road construction and infrastructure development in increasing the sediment production in the watershed. The study recommends the adoption of integrated watershed management strategies such afforestation, slope stabilization, terracing and check dams to prevent environmental deterioration and increase the basin sustainability. This work provides critical scientific knowledge on sediment dynamics and a very solid platform for future watershed management and geomorphological research in mountainous settings.