Review Of Architectural Changes In The Context Of Technology During The Industrial Revolutions And Their Social Impacts

Abstract

If we consider the organization of space to be at the core of architecture, and recognize technology as a key force in shaping that space, then understanding how technology influences spatial design becomes essential. Advances in inventions and emerging technologies have fundamentally transformed human life. Yet, despite their rapid proliferation, technologies inevitably become outdated and are replaced by newer innovations. This study seeks to explore the dynamic relationship between technology and architectural space. The central question it addresses is: how has architectural space evolved under the influence of technology? More specifically, in what ways have technological advancements provided new tools and opportunities for architects to respond to the evolving needs of human societies? Focusing on the framework of the industrial revolutions, the study first examines the four major industrial revolutions and their broader effects. It then analyzes their specific impact on architecture, identifying key influential factors in each period. Employing a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, the research draws upon documentary and archival sources. This paper aims to contextualize architectural transformations within the technological shifts of each industrial revolution. By identifying the technological drivers behind architectural changes, the research offers architects a more informed outlook on how future innovations may continue to shape the built environment.