Disaster-Resilient Design And Water Demand Evaluation Of Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63278/mme.v28i2.1831Abstract
Residential buildings face significant fire hazards due to high occupancy and the presence of combustible materials. Automatic fire sprinkler systems offer a proactive and efficient solution for early fire suppression, significantly reducing life and property loss. This study presents a technical evaluation of water demand for residential sprinkler systems with a focus on disaster-resilient design. A three-story residential building was used as a case study, where fire load calculations were performed based on common household materials. Sprinkler head spacing, discharge flow, and operating pressure were analyzed using NFPA 13D guidelines. Hydraulic calculations, including friction loss and pressure drop, were conducted to ensure system performance. The study concluded that a minimum of 7000 liters of water is required to operate 43 sprinkler heads for 15 minutes, effectively covering a protected area of 474 m². The findings demonstrate that even in resource-constrained residential settings, a scientifically designed sprinkler system can be integrated without excessive water demand. This research supports the implementation of sprinkler systems as a vital component of fire-resilient infrastructure in residential buildings, especially in urban India.
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