Ethical Issues And Scientific Validity In The Use Of Narcoanalysis In Criminal Investigations

Abstract

Criminal investigations are increasingly relying on scientific methods such as polygraph tests, narcoanalysis, DNA profiling, and forensic foot printing, among others. These techniques have contributed significantly to advancing the accuracy and efficiency of criminal investigations. Among these, narcoanalysis has gained particular prominence in certain jurisdictions, including India, as a potential tool for extracting information from suspects. This method involves the administration of certain chemicals (such as sodium pentothal) to induce a state of sedated or altered consciousness, under the assumption that the subject may disclose truthful information during this state. Despite its widespread use, narcoanalysis is not without controversy. This paper examines the scientific foundations of narcoanalysis, its applications in criminal investigations, and the ethical and legal challenges it raises within the context of the Indian criminal justice system. While proponents argue that narcoanalysis can enhance investigative processes by uncovering vital information, it is also criticized for potentially infringing on constitutional rights, particularly the right against self-incrimination, as guaranteed by Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution.
Narcoanalysis derived evidence's legal admissibility is also up for question, especially in light of its ethical implications and dependability. The criminal justice system must implement stringent precautions when using this technique because of the possibility of abuse and basic rights violations. The study also looks at how to strike a balance between the constitutional safeguards that people have within the criminal justice system and its potential value in improving the truth-discovery process. The narco analysis method and its evidentiary relevance in criminal investigations are the author's main areas of interest. In order to address the investigative value of narcoanalysis as well as the constitutional, ethical, and legal issues, this book will critically analyse the scientific foundations of the practice and offer a thorough analysis of its application in the judicial system.