Pakistan’s Flood Management Strategies: A Critical Review of Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Risk Mitigation

Abstract

Pakistan has been challenged by recurring floods due to its critical climatic location, causing widespread damage affecting both lives, agriculture, local infrastructure and public health. In relation to it, the policies in the sector of pre and post disaster management in Pakistan still need improvements; e.g. the floods of 2010 and 2022 in Sindh, Pakistan, the large-scaled crisis exposed major loopholes and lacking in the disaster management system. This study critically reviews the flood management and its effectiveness in Pakistan. The aim of the review is to evaluate and review Pakistan’s flood management strategies, assess disaster management and its effectiveness in minimizing the risks, and analyze responses to the current trends. It covers the areas in flood management such as pre- and post-disaster management and public health reforms for a detailed understanding. Based on the review it highlights important areas for improvement in the policy and government sectors that deal directly with local interventions to improve public health, increase flood resilience, and identify areas that need attention for future preparedness and immediate response. Further, the recommendations and implications have been given at the end for review, such as; initiatives to improve early warning system, trainings and education for locals and relevant community members, the need of nationwide campaign, filling the gap between government agencies and non-government organizations, building barriers, and so on. the steps could be taken to improve and prevent/minimize the intensity of destruction for future.