Experimental and Numerical Dynamic Analysis of a Water Conservation Nozzle for Sustainable Water Management in Pakistan

Abstract

The water crisis is a global issue, and the situation in Pakistan is no different. With rapid population growth, improper resource management and climate change effects, Pakistan is approaching a state of water scarcity. Tap water is a major contributor in residential water usage, presenting a significant opportunity for water conservation. The principal aim of this study is to propose a sustainable water management solution by introducing inventive household conservation devices. This research will identify the optimum parameters for the design of faucets at the maximum efficiency point, which will maximize water efficiency and reduce water consumption that can be precisely machined using traditional manufacturing processes. Using ANSYS, we performed Finite Element Analysis on the fluid flow through the prototype to observe pressure-velocity variation, and real-world testing was conducted to compare the performance of the prototype against the normal tap. Our study reveals that the prototype can conserve 70% of water by producing mist without affecting the functionality. It was also observed that the formation of mist is dependent on the distance between the screw and the nozzle. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that the domestic and commercial utilization of this prototype can restrain Pakistan's ongoing water crisis. Further, the prototype can be modified and utilized in the showerhead, to maximize water conservation.