The Role of Industrial Chemicals and Occupational Hazards in Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review

Khawaja Fawad Parvez; Shahzadi Saima Hussain

doi:10.56801/MME1207

Authors

Khawaja Fawad Parvez Assistant Professor OB/GYN, Department Medical Teaching Institute (MTI), Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan
Shahzadi Saima Hussain Associate Professor OB/GYN Department Medical Teaching Institute (MTI), Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56801/MME1207

Keywords:

Chemical Exposure, Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), Environmental Exposures, Heavy Metals, Hormonal Regulation, Infertility.

Abstract

Infertility affects 10–15% of couples globally, often resulting from a complex interplay of factors involving both men and women. While medical assessments, including semen analyses and hormonal evaluations, are critical for diagnosing male infertility, the underlying causes frequently remain elusive. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), prevalent in the environment due to industrial growth, may significantly impact male reproductive health by interfering with hormonal regulation essential for spermatogenesis. This review explores the influence of occupational and environmental exposures on male fertility, emphasizing EDCs, heavy metals, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. We analyze epidemiological studies investigating the relationships between these exposures and male infertility, revealing a concerning correlation between disrupted spermatogenesis and increasing exposure to harmful chemicals. Despite the progress made by infertility clinics in identifying potential links, the field lacks systematic studies, particularly regarding occupational exposures. This review aims to highlight the need for comprehensive research to understand the multifaceted causes of male infertility better and to encourage proactive measures for monitoring and mitigating occupational hazards.

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