Development and Design of Magnetic Structures for Improving Reliability Linear Motors

Amjed Alwan kadhim; Naghi Rostami; Mohammad Bagher Bannae Sharifian

doi:10.63278/10.63278/mme.v31.1

Authors

Amjed Alwan kadhim Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran
Naghi Rostami Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran
Mohammad Bagher Bannae Sharifian Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63278/10.63278/mme.v31.1

Keywords:

Permanent magnet linear motor, cogging force, finite.

Abstract

The design of magnetic structures for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors (PMSLMs) plays a crucial role in various industrial and technological applications. Through the modernization approach in determining the shapes of structures for magnets and choosing appropriate dimensions. Nonetheless, there is significant room for improvement in their performance, especially in terms of reducing cogging forces and enhancing back electromotive force (EMF) through reducing the harmonic contents of induced back EMF.

This study introduces a model that focuses on optimizing a flat single-sided PMSLM to reduce cogging forces. This model utilizes a blend of analytical and numerical techniques, including FLUX2D/3D optimization to mitigate cogging forces. Numerous design iterations were performed to identify the ideal model, leading to a substantial decrease in maximum cogging pressures. This research integrates several benefits and novel methodologies for the design of efficient linear motors, with ramifications for policy formulation in the domain of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors (PMSLMs). Notwithstanding the current limitations, these offered models signify viable solutions for industrial and commercial applications, facilitating the progression of this innovative technology.

References

C. Yang, K. Liu, M. Hu, and W. Hua, “FPGA-Based Extended Control Set Model Predictive Current Control with a Simplified Search Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 23, p. 4726, 2023.

I. Gokasar, M. Deveci, M. Isik, T. Daim, A. A. Zaidan, and F. Smarandache, “Evaluation of the alternatives of introducing electric vehicles in developing countries using Type-2 neutrosophic numbers based RAFSI model,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 192, p. 122589, 2023.

A. Sagar et al., “A comprehensive review of the recent development of wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicle charging systems,” IEEE Access, 2023.

N. Prasad and S. Jain, “Linear Motor-Based High-Speed Rail Transit System: A Sustainable Approach,” in Transportation Energy and Dynamics, Springer, 2023, pp. 87–127.

C. Liu, K. T. Chau, C. H. T. Lee, and Z. Song, “A critical review of advanced electric machines and control strategies for electric vehicles,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 1004–1028, 2020.

J. Z. Bird, “A review of electric aircraft drivetrain motor technology,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2021.

M. Sundaram et al., “Design and FEM Analysis of High-Torque Power Density Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for Two-Wheeler E-Vehicle Applications,” Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 2022, 2022.

M. S. Rafaq, W. Midgley, and T. Steffen, “A Review of the State of the Art of Torque Ripple Minimization Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, 2023.

F. Liu, X. Wang, Z. Xing, A. Yu, and C. Li, “Reduction of cogging torque and electromagnetic vibration based on different combination of pole arc coefficient for interior permanent magnet synchronous machine,” CES Trans. Electr. Mach. Syst., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 291–300, 2021.

S. G. Min, “Investigation of Key Parameters on Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Machines Based on Dominant Harmonic Contents,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrif., 2023.

B. Ullah, F. Khan, and Z. Ahmad, “Performance analysis of modular mover hybrid excited flux switching linear machine,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 5135–5141, 2022.

J. Zhao, Q. Mou, C. Zhu, Z. Chen, and J. Li, “Study on a Double-Sided Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Reversed Slots,” vol. 4435, no. c, pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TMECH.2020.2987106.

M. Salman, “Analysis, design and control aspects of linear machines using co-simulation.” 2012.

C. Deng, C. Ye, J. Yang, S. Sun, and D. Yu, “A Novel Permanent Magnet Linear Motor for the Application of Electromagnetic Launch System,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 30, no. 4, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TASC.2020.2986732.

H. Sheykhvazayefi, S. R. Mousavi-Aghdam, and M. R. Feyzi, “Thrust ripple reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor based on improved pole shape for electromagnetic launcher system,” Iran. J. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 15, no. 4, 2019.

G. Gilardi, K. Szeto, S. Huard, and E. J. Park, “Finite element analysis of the cogging force in the linear synchronous motor array for the Thirty Meter Telescope,” Mechatronics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 116–124, 2011.

C. T. Pan et al., “Improvement of model predictive current control sensing strategy for a developed small flux-switching permanent magnet motor,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1–18, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20113177.

Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, J. Liu, and Q. Xu, “Electromagnetic force ripple suppression strategy of the micro permanent magnet linear motor,” Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 1060–1072, 2023.

D. S. Lo, Y. Amara, G. Barakat, and F. C. Greah, “Reduction of Cogging Force in Linear Tubular Flux Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines.”

H. Jang, H. Kim, H.-C. Liu, H.-J. Lee, and J. Lee, “Investigation on the torque ripple reduction method of a hybrid electric vehicle motor,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 5, p. 1413, 2021.

N. Rostami, A. A. Kadhim, and M. B. Bannae-Sharifian, “Cogging Force Reduction in PMLSMs Using Segmented Magnets,” J. Oper. Autom. Power Eng., 2024.

A. A. Vahaj, A. Rahideh, and T. Lubin, “General analytical magnetic model for partitioned-stator flux-reversal machines with four types of magnetization patterns,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 1–21, 2019.

F. P. Motor, W. Zhao, J. Ji, and G. Liu, “Design and Analysis of a New Modular Linear,” vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 3–7, 2014.

J. Shi, H. Kong, L. Huang, Q. Lu, and Y. Ye, “Influence of flux gaps on the performance of modular PM linear synchronous motors,” in 2014 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, 2014, pp. 1566–1571.

X. Z. Huang, J. Li, C. Zhang, Z. Y. Qian, L. Li, and D. Gerada, “Electromagnetic and thrust characteristics of double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor adopting staggering primaries structure,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 4826–4836, 2018.

Z. Lan, L. Chen, X. Xiao, Y. Luo, M. Deng, and S. Zhu, “Detent force suppression of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor based on a V‐shaped tooth‐slot structure,” IET Electr. Power Appl., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 535–546, 2023.

D. Fu, K. Wu, P. Zheng, Q. Yu, and X. Wu, “Force Modeling and Analysis of a Tube Flux-Switching Transverse-Flux Permanent Magnet Linear Motor,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 4575–4586, 2022.

Q. Tan, M. Wang, and L. Li, “Analysis of a new flux switching permanent magnet linear motor,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1–5, 2020.

M. Jawad, Y. Haitao, Z. Ahmad, B. Ullah, and B. Alghamdi, “Design Optimization and Resonance Analysis of Rectangular Structured Moving Magnet Linear Actuator,” IEEE Access, 2023.

C. Deng, C. Ye, J. Yang, S. Sun, and D. Yu, “A Novel Permanent Magnet Linear Motor for the Application of Electromagnetic Launch System,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 2–6, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TASC.2020.2986732.

J. M. Jalil, G. A. Aziz, and A. A. Kadhim, “Experimental and numerical study to enhance of heat transfer coefficient in air flow using microchannel”.

B. Guo et al., “Nonlinear semianalytical model for axial flux permanent-magnet machine,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 9804–9816, 2022.

B. Ladghem-Chikouche, K. Boughrara, F. Dubas, and R. Ibtiouen, “2-D semi-analytical magnetic field calculation for flat permanent-magnet linear machines using exact subdomain technique,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1–11, 2021.

O. Ustun, O. C. Kivanc, and M. S. Mokukcu, “A linear brushless direct current motor design approach for seismic shake tables,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 21, p. 7618, 2020.

L. Zeng, X. Chen, X. Li, W. Jiang, and X. Luo, “A thrust force analysis method for permanent magnet linear motor using Schwarz–Christoffel mapping and considering slotting effect, end effect, and magnet shape,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 1–9, 2015.