Factors Associated with the Severity of Covid-19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia – A Retrospective Cohort Study

Authors

  • Wallaa Khalid Albishi Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University. BDS, M.Sc in Public Health (Epidemiology and Biostatics), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Iman K Ramadan Professor Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Sumyia Mehrin MD Abulkalam Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University. MBBS, M.Sc in Public Health (Epidemiology and Biostatics), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Hanan Abdullah Alsaab Director of Medical Records Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Mohammed Y. Bin Hayd Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University. BHSc, M.Sc in Public Health (Epidemiology and Biostatics), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Mohammad A. AL-Ghamdi Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University. MBBS, M.Sc in Public Health (Epidemiology and Biostatics), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Rajaa Al-Raddadi Associate Professor Preventive Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63278/10.63278/mme.v31.1

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease was declared a pandemic in March, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease caused over 8 million confirmed cases and almost 450,000 deaths. Our study aims to explore all risk factors associated with Covid-19 severity among hospitalized patients. Methods: Hospital-based records are retrospectively collected from a cohort of admitted RT-PCR COVID -19 positive patients aged 18 years and older. ISARIC data collection form was used to collect all potential risk factors. Logistic regression is used to calculate crude and adjusted OR. Statistical analyses will be done using STATA v.13.0. Results: 224 hospitalized Covid-19 patients were collected. The mean age was 48.6 (SD±15.1) years old. Patients were significantly older among the severe to critical cases than among the mild to moderate cases with a mean of 53.2 (SD±13.4) vs 43.4 (SD±15.2) (p<0.05). Having DM was more prevalent among the severe to critical cases than mild to moderate cases (69.9%) vs (30.2%). Having a history of DM (OR=3.18) was significantly associated with a severe form of Covid-19, along with other significant risk factors (<0.05): having a higher BMI (OR=2.04), fever (OR= 3.37), sore throat (OR=0.11), shortness of breath (OR=2.68), RR (OR=1.19), lymphocyte count (OR=0.59), WBC count (OR=1.38) and viral pneumonia (OR=10.03). Conclusion: Older age, being diabetic, dyspnea, decreased lymphocyte count, increased WBC and acquiring viral pneumonia can all significantly predict Covid-19 disease progression.

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Wallaa Khalid Albishi, Iman K Ramadan, Sumyia Mehrin MD Abulkalam, Hanan Abdullah Alsaab, Mohammed Y. Bin Hayd, Mohammad A. AL-Ghamdi, and Rajaa Al-Raddadi. 2024. “Factors Associated With the Severity of Covid-19 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia – A Retrospective Cohort Study”. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 30 (4):286-99. https://doi.org/10.63278/10.63278/mme.v31.1.

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Vol. 30 No. 4 (2024)

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Research

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Copyright (c) 2024 Wallaa Khalid Albishi, Iman K Ramadan, Sumyia Mehrin MD Abulkalam, Hanan Abdullah Alsaab, Mohammed Y. Bin Hayd, Mohammad A. AL-Ghamdi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi

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