Ball milled bauxite residue as a reinforcing filler in phosphate-based intumescent system

Authors

  • Adiat Ibironke Arogundade University of Abuja, Nigeria. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5105-6595
  • Puteri Sri Melor Bt Megat Yussof Universiti Teknologi, PETRONAS
  • Faiz Ahmad University Teknologi, PETRONAS
  • Aamir Hussain Bhat Universiti Teknologi, PETRONAS.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30544/244353

Keywords:

bauxite residue, ball milling, intumescent, reinforcing filler, ceramic phosphate

Abstract

Bauxite residue (BR) is an alumina refinery waste with a global disposal problem. Of the 120 MT generated annually, only 3 MT is disposed via utilization. One of the significant challenges to sustainable utilization has been found to be the cost of processing. In this work, using ball milling, we achieved material modification of bauxite residue. Spectrometric imaging with FESEM showed the transformation from an aggregate structure to nano, platy particulates, leading to particle size homogeneity. BET analysis showed surface area was increased by 23%, while pH was reduced from 10.8 to 9.1 due to collapsing of the hydroxyl surface by the fracturing action of the ball mill. Incorporation of this into a phosphate-based fire retardant, intumescent formulation led to improved material dispersion and the formation of reinforcing heat shielding char nodules. XRD revealed the formation of ceramic metal phosphates which acted as an additional heat sink to the intumescent system, thereby reducing char oxidation and heat transfer to the substrate. Steel substrate temperature from a Bunsen burner test reduced by 33%. Therefore, ball milling can serve as a simple, low-cost processing route for the reuse of bauxite residue in intumescent composites.

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Published

2018-01-09

How to Cite

Arogundade, Adiat Ibironke, Puteri Sri Melor Bt Megat Yussof, Faiz Ahmad, and Aamir Hussain Bhat. 2018. “Ball Milled Bauxite Residue As a Reinforcing Filler in Phosphate-Based Intumescent System”. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 23 (4):353-62. https://doi.org/10.30544/244353.

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Research