Recyclability of technology metals from e-waste: case study of In and Ga recovery from magnetic fraction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30544/446Keywords:
e-waste, magnetic fraction, technology metals, metals distribution, pyrometallurgyAbstract
This study presents the results of the theoretical assessment and a preliminary experimental investigation of technology metals (TM) recovery from magnetic fraction obtained after mechanical treatment of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Experimental work included physical and chemical characterization, thermodynamic analysis, and pyrometallurgical tests corresponding to secondary lead, copper, and steel metallurgy. Technology metals recyclability and recovery potential were evaluated with respect to their distribution between metal and slag phase (difficult for recovering) versus the dust phase (easy for recovering). According to obtained results, it was determined that high-temperature processing of magnetic fraction in the electric arc furnace promotes volatilization of the TM and their pre-concentration in the filter as a dust product from which they could be valorized using further hydrometallurgical methods.
References
M. Reuter, C. Hudson, A. Van Schaik, K. Heiskanen, C. Meskers, C. Hagelüken, Metal Recycling: Opportunities, Limits, Infrastructure, UNEP, Nairobi, 2013, p. 320.
J. Cui, E. Forssberg: J Hazard Mater 99 (3) (2003) 243-263
N. Hayashi, S. Koyanak, T. Oki: Waste Manage 88 (1) (2019) 337-346
L. Klemettinen, K. Avarmaa, P. Taskinen: ERZMETALL 70(5) (2017) 257-264
K. Mineta, T Okabe: J Phys Chem Solids 66 (2-4) (2005) 318-321
B. Niu, Z. Chen, Z. Xu: J Clean Prod 166 (2017) 512-518
S. Nagy, L. Bokányi, I. Gombkötő, T. Magyar: Arch Metall Mater 62 (2017) 1161-1166 8. Forsen O, Aromaa J, Lundstrom M: Recycling 2 (4) (2017) 19
J. Yang, T. Retegan, C. Ekberg: Hydrometallurgy 137 (2013) 68-77
Y. Zimmermann, C. Niewersch, M. Lenz, Z. Kül, P. Corvini, A. Schäffer, T. Wintgens: Environ Sci Technol 48 (22) (2014) 13412-13418
B. Flerus, L. Billman, K. Bokelmann, R. Stauber, B. Friedrich: In Proceedings of EMC 2019
K. Nakajima, O. Takeda, T. Miki, T. Nagasaka: Mater Trans50 (3) (2009) 453-460
T. Hiraki, O. Takeda, K. Nakajima, K. Matsubae, S. Nakamura, T. Nagasaka: Sci Technol Adv Mater, 12 (2011) p. 10.
C. Meskers, C. Hagelüken, S. Salhofer, M. Spitzbart: Proceedings of EMC 2009 p. 527
D. Sukhomlinov, K. Avarmaa, O. Virtanen, P. Taskinen, A. Jokilaakso: Min Proc Ext Met Rev (2019) DOI:10.1080/08827508.2019.1634561
Roine A. (2006) HSC Chemistry® v 6.12, Outotec Research Oy Center, Pori, Finland
Ž. Kamberović, M. Ranitović, M. Korać, N. Jovanović, B. Tomović, N. Gajić: J Sust Metal 4 (2) (2018) 251-259
E. Verhoef, G. Dijkema, M.A. Reuter, Process knowledge, system dynamics and metal ecology. - J Ind Ecol 8 (1-2) (2004) 23-43
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Milisav Ranitović, Jovana Djokić, Marija Korać, Nataša Gajić, Stevan Dimitrijević
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their published articles online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website, social networks like ResearchGate or Academia), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Except where otherwise noted, the content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.