Effect of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Cu-Ga alloys at 100 °C
Abstract
Theoretical calculation and experimental investigation of the isothermal section of a ternary Bi-Cu-Ga system at 100 oC are presented in this paper. Thermodynamic binary-based calculation of the isothermal section was performed using Pandat software. Experimental investigation included microstructural analysis carried out using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), phase composition analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brinell and Vickers hardness testing and electrical conductivity measurements. In total, thirty alloy samples with compositions along three vertical sections Bi-CuGa, Cu-BiGa and Ga-BiCu were studied. The obtained experimental results support the calculated phase regions of the isothermal section at 100 oC. Hardness of individual phases as well as hardness and electrical conductivity of the studied alloys were measured. Based on the experimentally obtained results iso-lines of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity along the whole compositional range were calculated by using appropriate mathematical models.
References
G.P. Vassilev, K.I. Lilova, J.C. Gachon: J. Min. Metall. Sec. B 43 (2) (2007) 141-150.
S. Semboshi, T. Takasugi: J. Alloys Comp. 580 (2013) 397-400.
M. Azimi, G. H. Akbari: J. Alloys Comp. 555 (2013) 112-116.
A. Kamegawa, T. Kuriiwa, M. Okada: J. Alloys Comp. 566 (2013) 1-4.
C. P. Samal, J. S. Parihar, D. Chaira: J. Alloys Comp. 569 (2013) 95-101.
D. Roy, M.A. Atwater, K. Youssef, J.C. Ledford, R.O. Scattergood, C.C. Koch: J. Alloys Comp. 558 (2013) 44-49.
D. Minić, M. Premović, V. Іosović, D. Manasijević, Lj. Nedeljković, D. Živković: J. Alloys Comp. 617 (2014) 379-388.
S.N. Saud, E. Hamzah, T. Abubakar, H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad, S. Farahany, A. Abdolahi, M.M. Taheri: J. Alloys Comp. 612(5) (2014) 471-478.
F. Xing, Y. Lu, C. Luo, Y. Ruan, X. Qiu: Mater. Lett. 181 (2016) 42-46.
T. Spassov, S. Gyurov, G. Stefanov, A. Rangelov, L. Drenchev, K. Russew, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (2016) 103-107.
L. Zhou, W.L. Zhou, J.C. Feng, W.X. He, Y.X. Huang, S.S. Dong: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 84(5-8) (2016) 1335-1343.
E. Afshari, M. Ghambari, Mater. des. 103(5) (2016) 201-208.
C. Girard, Thesis, University of Provence, Marseille, 1985.
O. Teppo, J. Niemela, P. Taskinen: Thermochim. Acta 173 (1990) 137-150.
J.B. Li, L.N. Ji, J.K. Liang, Y. Zhang, J. Luo, C.R. Li, G.H. Rao: CALPHAD, 32 (2008) 447-453.
N. Puschin, S. Stepanovich, V. Stajić: Z. Anorg. Chem. 209 (1932) 329-334.
W. Kroll: Metallwirtschaft 11 (1932) 435-437.
B. Predel: Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt) 24 (1960) 206-216.
P. Taskinen, J. Niemlä: Scand. J. Metall. 10 (1981) 195-200.
M. Gomez, L. Martin-Garin, H. Ebert, P. Bedon, P. Desré: Z. Metallkde. 67 (1976) 131-134.
J. Niemelä, G. Effenberg, K. Jack, P.J. Spencer: CALPHAD 10 (1986) 77-86.
J.E. Kittl, T.B. Massalski: J. Inst. Met. 65 (1964) 182-188.
W. Lang: Z. Metallkde. 49 (1958) 424-435.
F. Weibke: Z. Anorg. Chem. 220 (1934) 293-311.
A. Dinsdale: CALPHAD 15 (1991) 317-425.
W. Cao, S.-L. Chen, F. Zhang, K. Wu, Y. Yang, Y.A. Chang, R. Schmid-Fetzer, W.A. Oates: CALPHAD 33 (2) (2009) 328-342.
W.P. Davey: Philos. Mag. Serie 6 47 (1924) 657-671.
R. Stokhuyzen, J.K. Brandon, P.C. Chieh, W.B. Pearson: Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B 30 (1974) 2910-2911.
M. El Boragy, K. Schubert: Z. Metallkde. 63 (1972) 52-53.
http://www.webelements.com/periodicity/hardness_brinell/, Accessed 27 June 2016.
J.A. Cornell: Experiments with Mixtures, 3rd Ed., John Wiley&Sons, Inc, New York (2002)
Ž. Lazić, Design of Experiments in Chemical Engineering, Wilez-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA, Weiheim (2004)
M. Kolarević, M. Vukićević, B. RadiĐević, M. Bjelić, V. Grković, In: Proceedings of The Seventh Triennial International Conference Heavy Machinery, (2011), p. 1-6.
http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/ElectricalConductivity.an.html, Accessed 27 June 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their published articles online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website, social networks like ResearchGate or Academia), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Except where otherwise noted, the content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.